PubMed
Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane
Szeto, 2006
MitochondrialPhase 3S
SS-31
Elamipretide / Szeto-Schiller Peptide 31
SS-31 (elamipretide, brand: Bendavia) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (D-Arg-2′6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation for Barth syndrome and primary mitochondrial myopathy. Phase III trials for heart failure (PROGRESS-HF) and primary mitochondrial myopathy demonstrated significant functional improvements. Not yet FDA-approved for any indication.
Observational report only — live community data. Not medical advice. Does not recommend doses, protocols, or treatments.
- Studies cited
- 4
- Research grade
- S
- Community score
- 61
- Trackers
- 675
Trend index
Overview
About SS-31
SS-31 (elamipretide, brand: Bendavia) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (D-Arg-2′6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation for Barth syndrome and primary mitochondrial myopathy. Phase III trials for heart failure (PROGRESS-HF) and primary mitochondrial myopathy demonstrated significant functional improvements. Not yet FDA-approved for any indication.
- Category
- Mitochondrial
- Regulatory status
- Phase 3
- Also known as
- Elamipretide / Szeto-Schiller Peptide 31
- Self-reports
- 58
Community
What 58 users report
58 community reports
Positive 2% · Neutral 2% · Negative 96%
Most reported benefits
Energy
187
Most reported side effects
Injection site irritation
183
Dose distribution
Median: 2000+ mcg · Most common: 2000+ mcg
0–25
0
25–50
10
50–100
0
100–200
0
200–400
2
400–600
1
600–1000
4
1000–2000
18
2000+
151
Commonly stacked with
How repeat users are trending
Among repeat reporters, 92% said they felt similar to their last entry, 8% more positive, and 0% more negative.
Overall, repeat reporters leaned more positive than their previous entry.
Median gap between entries: 73 days · Based on 37 repeat reporters
Research
Cited research (2)
Source
PubMed
Elamipretide in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction: EMBRACE-HF
Butler et al., 2020
Help
Frequently asked
What do PeptIQ users report about SS-31?
This page summarizes 58 anonymized self-reports from PeptIQ users who track SS-31, including commonly reported effects and co-tracked peptides. These are observational patterns, not clinical outcomes.
What research is cited for SS-31?
2 sources are linked on this page, including PubMed articles, clinical trial registries, and FDA labels where applicable. Citations describe published research — not recommendations.
Is SS-31 safe to use?
This wiki does not assess safety or recommend use. SS-31 is listed as Phase 3. Consult a licensed clinician for personal medical decisions.
What are the purported benefits and uses of SS-31?
Research, primarily in animal models, suggests SS-31 may have a wide range of therapeutic potentials due to its ability to promote angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), stimulate collagen synthesis, and modulate inflammatory responses.
SourceWhat is the legal status of SS-31?
SS-31 is not approved by the FDA for any human use. There is no legal basis for selling it as a drug, food, or dietary supplement in the United States. The FDA has classified SS-31 as a Category 2 bulk drug substance, which explicitly prohibits licensed compounding pharmacies from using it in compounded medications.
SourceWhat are the known or theoretical side effects and risks of SS-31?
The safety and effectiveness of SS-31 have not been thoroughly evaluated in humans through rigorous clinical trials. This lack of human data means that safe dosages, short-term side effects, and long-term health consequences are largely unknown.
SourceWhat is the current state of research on SS-31?
While there are over 200 published studies on SS-31, the vast majority are animal or in vitro (cell) studies. These preclinical studies consistently show positive results across various tissue types. However, there is a significant lack of comprehensive human clinical trial data.
Source